Essay on Change of Identity in the Elderly - 2201 Words

Rationale- I wanted to conduct a study concerning the fragmentation of identity, as I was particularly interested in issues of identity from the first year of my sociology course. I am specifically interested in Goffmans theories of mortification of the self as a result of being placed in total institutions and wish to base my research proposal mainly around his ideas presented in his book Asylums. Rather than studying mental institutions however, I am going to focus on residential homes for the elderly because I feel this will not be so ambitious and access will be much easier as I work part-time in Gorran Havens elderly home. (Research into the elderly and their identity is scarce and therefore it may be interesting to conduct my†¦show more content†¦We daily invent our identities through what we wear, what we eat, how we choose to spend our time. We also to a greater or lesser extent, see ourselves as members of a particular social class. In an institution there is a blurring of so cial divisions and choice is restricted by routines and regulations. Having operationalised the concept of identity, my main aim is to examine the changes/loss of identity that occurs in the elderly as a result of being institutionalised. Within this project, I intend to carry out interpretive primary research. I intend to carry out unstructured interviews as my main method along with complementary overt participant observation as a way of focusing my research question. I shall tell some of the group ie the staff that I shall be carrying out research based around a sociology project. This way I overcome mostly the issue of deceit however, it is likely that some of the residents may not fully understand the purpose of the interviews due to their age etc. Using an opportunistic method I will then select a sample of five residents and use unstructured interviews to probe further into issues that I may have noticed whilst orientating my research. Originally I proposed to use semi-structured interviews but having started to focus on my research proposal much more I now wish to use unstructured interviews as it will giveShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Psychology Essay900 Words   |  4 Pagesinteract socially and how they live among the different ethnic groups. Many issues have emerged in multicultural psychology. Two issues discussed in this paper, cultural identity and baby boomers, describe some of the effects on multicultural psychology. Cultural Identity Cultural characteristics make up an individual’s cultural identity. Cultures have values, traditions, and norms that are the basic foundation of the culture. Diversity exists among varying cultural backgrounds and as groups begin toRead MoreSpeech From Alone Together : Why We Expect More From Technology And Less From Each Other1457 Words   |  6 Pagesunfulfilled expectations from the relationships created. In Andrew Solomon’s article â€Å"Son,† he discusses that his mother modified his identity at an early age, which caused the struggle between his real identity formation and the expectation that his mother and the society had. For Solomon, relationships can sometimes disintegrate on the basis that one’s real identity does not conform to what conventionally passes as normal, because a majority of people are not accepting to standards that differs fromRead MoreMarketing Management : The Marketing Strategy For Elderly Customers Of Different Geography And Characteristics1432 Words   |  6 PagesSociety today is experiencing rapid growth in the globalization. Marketing managers are facing the wide range of challenges and opportunities in developing a suitable marketing plan and strategy for elderly customers of different geography and characteristics. On one hand, marketing strategies may contain site for the production unit, mode of entry and communication strategies to acquire the customer intention. On the other hand, consumers have more knowledge of products and are well aware of theRead MoreThe Number Of Adults Over The Age Of 651551 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintain a close relationship with friends and family. Then there are those seniors that experience changes in their life that prevents them from being unable to live independently. The common age-related changes include hearing impairment, weakening in vision, arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. The most extreme impairment is when older adult s experience cognitive changes that are associated with mental processing. (citation) The need for assistance and informationRead MoreWomen And Population Women883 Words   |  4 Pageswidespread in the elderly (Shear et al., 2013), involving ongoing acute symptoms 6-12 months following the loss (Taymur et al., 2016); including disruptive emotional distress, difficulty making friends or pursuing new interests, suicide ideation, and a variety of maladaptive avoidance activities (Delespaux et al., 2013; Shear et al., 2014; Taymur et al., 2016). This paper provides a literature review of the reactions and issues associated with bereavement and loss among the elderly. It also identifiesRead MoreAge Groups And The Lifecycle1432 Words   |  6 Pagessexual minorities this can be a confusing time developmentally. â€Å"Children with transgender identities often live their lives in a gender role that is clearly defined, albeit in the opposite role of their biological sex [†¦ and] not every person who explores gender in childhood will later identify as transgender† (Janssen Erickson-Schroth, 2013, p. 995, 996). How can children express their gender identity when they are not completely developmentally formed? Most importantly, what can parents andRead MoreSymbolic Interactionist Perspective In Sociology1543 Words   |  7 Pagesdysfunctional if they break the pattern of stability. (Crossman, 2017) Functionalists are described to defend the status quo, avoid social change, and believe people cooperate to effect socia l order. Functionalism addresses society as a whole by standards of norms, customs, traditions, and institutions. While once criticized for failure to account for social change and ignoring systematic inequalities that naturally produce tension and conflict. The functionalist theory easily allows for specific macro-analysesRead MoreEthics in Technology Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagescybercriminals to invade people’s privacy, and steal people’s identity. We know that computers have no moral compass; they cannot make moral decisions for themselves. Essentially, people make moral decisions that affect others positively or negatively depending on how they use computer technology. Some of the biggest ethical issues facing people in the computing environment include privacy concerns on the web and identity theft. Privacy concerns and identity theft are two ethical issues that increase with theRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 995 Words   |  4 Pageswhether they wanted him to return to his home. The next phase is a phase of deception in which Odysseus tells a tale to hide his true identity. This is followed by a scene of him foretelling the future which holds that Odysseus will in fact come back sometime in the future. The final section then is obviously the final recognition in which Odysseus revels his true identity to the people he encounters. The first scene of recognition takes place in book 12 when Odysseus finally arrives at the shores ofRead MorePerspectives On The Development Of Young Children1614 Words   |  7 Pageshelp improve the lives of the elderly. I think that this concept tis important because during the process of aging, we lose parts of our favorite activities due to lack of physical or mental abilities. It is important to adapt to our body’s abilities concerning those activities we love in order to keep healthy mindsets. 7. Identity Moratorium (p.352): This concept comes from the ideas of James Marcia’s identity statuses. In this identity status, the person in identity moratorium as explored many alternatives

History Is The Study Of Fast Event - 931 Words

History Final Assignment History is the study of fast event or information about fact what people did to make this world beautiful. From this class or especially from my professor Amy Bell I learn that what written in the books are not all fact. Before I used to hate history subject because of date, but after taking history two I started to love to study different history books to know the fact. Especially I read the united states history books because I live here and want to know everything about where I lived. What we read in a book is the writer view point according what they heard. Actually, history books are not written by histologists but it was written by educational writer. â€Å"History can be imagined as a pyramid. At its base are millions of primary sources-the plantation records, city directories, speeches, song, photograph, newspaper articles, diaries, and letters that document time past† (loewen 3). Before reading history book I believe what people said about Christopher Columbus. But what I heard was wrong. Columbus discover America in 1492 everyone said, but before 1492 people from other country came here in America. when Columbus came in the America Indian are here in the America. from this class I learn that Columbus only came here to found gold (Zinn 4). Again, I heard that Indian first arrive here and stated to work in the field. They themselves grow potatoes, rice, beans to eat. When Columbus came toShow MoreRelatedAnnales School of History1438 Words   |  6 Pagescity of a fast developing country in 2011 with a Mediterranean village in 1500s. With the progress of technology, nature cannot restrain human activities as it did five hundred years ago. At the close of the twentieth century, the invention of internet revolutionized the way people shared information and catalyzed further technological advancement. Will these radical changes affect future historians’ un derstanding and practice of historiography? This question puts the Annales School of history underRead MoreNatural Disasters, A Study Of Events1596 Words   |  7 PagesNatural Disasters, A Study of Events 1 Natural Disasters, A Study of Events Micheal Boor GO125DL Natural Disasters Park University Ms. Jill Lockard 02 May 2017 Natural Disasters, A Study of Events 2 Abstract The intent of this paper is to describe three natural disasters; for this paper we will describe a hurricane, an earthquake and a mudslide. We will briefly discuss how, or if, our ancestors were able to predict and therefore mitigate loss of life or damage to infrastructureRead MoreThe Black Death And The Plague Outbreak1331 Words   |  6 PagesKaleb Erhardt Allen World History 101 20 April 2015 Diseases have always been a threat to humans, all throughout history. One of the most destructive disease outbreaks in history was the plague outbreak which peaked in 1346 to 1353, in Europe, commonly known as the Black Death. This plague outbreak was extremely deadly and killed 30-60% of the European population at the time of the outbreak. The outbreak is commonly believed to have been caused by the bubonic plague, but modern evidence suggestsRead MoreTracking Myth to Geological Reality800 Words   |  4 Pagescannot account for all geological phenomenon and vice versa. It is crucial to make sure that scientific integrity remains the focus when linking myth and geology. It is important that people learn from history. Recently, it has become apparent that myths and folk lore may be an important part of history to consider. Convincing geological evidence has been discovered that link major geological phenomenon with myths from that region. In the Pacific North West there are legends of a boulder that is hauntedRead MoreSwot Analysis : Chipotle Mexican Grill1275 Words   |  6 Pageslive in a fast pace time and a fast food industry. The value of time has increased so significantly that people are focused on utilizing time focusing on their leisure/career than in the kitchen. Since the turn of the century, the number of fast food industry has evolved extensively to meet the demand of people in the market. Out of numerous fast food industries, Chipotle Mexican Grill (CMG) has established itself as one of the major competitors in the market. With over two decades of history, CMG hasRead MoreFast Food in America1664 Words   |  7 PagesFast Food in Am erica People today have a need for speed. Everything has to be more convenient, and bigger. Humans are the super-sized rulers of the world, and people need it as fast as possible. This lifestyle has consequences; if one does not start taking charge, and fight these big corporations right now these mistakes will be too far reaching and irreversible. Because fast food is convenient, inexpensive, and is a cultural habit, people must stop eating it since it has increased health problemsRead MoreSpeech On Columbus Day1430 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressed with the issue of the â€Å"History of the West.† On one of our district’s campuses this morning, Native American and white students got into a large disagreement about the true happenings of the â€Å"History of the West.† For Native American students, Columbus Day is a day of mourning where these students and families think about the near genocide of their people and culture. For white students, Columbus day can make the student feel deeply insulted and blamed for history that occurred long ago, andRead MoreCase Study Of Major Deppression1205 Words   |  5 PagesCASE STUDY OF MAJOR DEPPRESSION By Daniel Khajavi Note: All names and location in this case study have been changed to maintain patient and clinician confidentiality. Table of contents INTRODUCTION The purpose of this case study is to analyse a mental health case attended by paramedics. This paper will include a brief overview of the case attended, key features of the case, relevant history, a provisionalRead MoreSubway Case Analysis Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study #1 Ââ€" Subway Sandwich Shop Analysis Case Study One Ââ€" Subway Sandwich Shop Situation Analysis A situation analysis is an honest valuation of the opportunities and potential problems facing a prospective or existing company. Through analysis a deeper understanding of an industry, competitor and possible options can be examined. Subway Sandwich shops early history roots can be traced back to the summer of 1965, with a $1,000 investment a new venture was born. Fred DeLucaRead MoreAi Weiwei Essay859 Words   |  4 PagesNationality: British Date of Birth: 26.09.1984 Address: Flame Tress, 85a Oakington Ave, Wembley, London, HA9 8HY Email: b.kwaku.boateng @gmail.com Mobile: 07446439199 I have had to date a career in event and music management. I studied drama at Manchester Met University and then left to work in event and music management. I have had a passion for art since childhood. Over the past three years i have sought to use this enthusiasm to good effect. I focused on discovering new talent and learning about

Cassava Starch free essay sample

Cassava (Manihot esculenta), also called manioc, tapioca or yuca, is one of the most important food crops in the humid tropics, being particularly suited to conditions of low nutrient availability and able to survive drought (Burrell, 2003). The plant grows to a height of 1 to 3 m and several roots may be found on each plant. Although cassava leaves are sometimes consumed, the major harvested organ is the tuber, which is actually a swollen root. The plant is propagated mostly from stem cuttings. A major limitation of cassava production is the rapid post harvest deterioration of its roots which usually prevents their storage in the fresh state for more than a few days (Okezie and Kosikowski, 1982). Cassava ranks very high among crops that convert the greatest amount of solar energy into soluble carbohydrates per unit of area. Among the starchy staples, cassava gives a carbohydrate production which is about 40% higher than rice and 25% more than maize, with the result that cassava is the cheapest source of calories for both human nutrition and animal feeding. A typical composition of the cassava root is moisture (70%), starch (24%), fiber (2%), protein (1%) and other substances including minerals (3%) Compared to other crops, cassava excels under suboptimal conditions, offering the possibility of using marginal land to increase total agricultural production (Cock, 1982). Plant breeders, agronomists and recently molecular biologists have made substantial improvements in cassava yields during the last two decades. While, genetic characterization and mapping has revealed some insights into the molecular nature of cassava (Tonukari et al. 1997; Fregene et al. 003) Plastics are synthetic substances produced by chemical reactions. Almost all plastics are made from petroleum, except a few experimental resins derived from corn and other organic substances. Plastic has many properties which has made it a raw material of choice for Manufactures of plastic Bags and packing materials. Cost of production, lightweight, strength, easy process of manufac ture, and availability are few of the properties. Man has simply not put the plastic to the right use/ or using it without taking proper care of other related norms of usage. The hazards plastics pose are numerous. The land gets littered by plastic bag garbage presenting an ugly and unhygienic seen. The Throw away culture results in these bags finding their way in to the city drainage system, the resulting blockage cases inconvenience, difficult in maintaining the drainage with increased cost, creates unhygienic environment resulting in health hazard and spreading of water borne diseases. This littering also reduces rate of rain water percolating, resulting in lowering of already low water levels in our cities. The soil fertility deteriorates as the plastic bags form parts of manure remain in the soil for years. People need alternative and effective components of plastic that is safe and biodegradable which will not harm and pollute the earth. Significance: This study is important to be able to help Mother Earth in reducing its pollutants and toxic or harmful wastes. Through this study, the researchers will be able to help other people, the animals and the environment. The researchers would like to stop plastic pollution and be part of the solution. Plastic bags and bottles, like all forms of plastic, create significant environmental and economic burdens. They consume growing amounts of energy and other natural resources, degrading the environment in numerous ways. In addition to using up fossil fuels and other resources, plastic products create litter, hurt marine life, and threaten the basis of life on earth. There is over 45 million tons of plastics per year and nearly every piece of plastic ever made still exists today because of its long-life properties. Biodegradable plastics could be an effective solution to all of these problems. Biodegradable plastics are a much better choice than non biodegradable plastics because they are friendlier to the earth and the environment. Biodegradable plastics break down faster, can be recycled easier and are non-toxic. With these characteristics of biodegradable plastics, we could help save lives and the environment as well and reduce the threat plastics give to marine life. Plastic, the wonder material that we use for everything, is perhaps the most harmful of this trash because it does not readily break down in nature but if it is biodegradable, these plastics break down faster so they have a much shorter effect on the earth, and they will degrade completely. Normal plastics are manufactured using oil, and this process is very harmful to the environment by polluting the air and environment, but this is not the case with green biodegradable plastics. Using biodegradable plastics will minimize the effects that these products have on the earth, and help eliminate their waste much faster. Review of Related Literature: In the past few decades, there has been a marked advance in the development of biodegradable plastics from renewable resources, especially for those derived from starch-based materials. The goal of this development is to obtain biodegradable plastics that perform as well as traditional plastics when in use and which completely biodegrade at disposal. Several starch-based plastics have been introduced into the market, and are used in some applications now. Starch foam is one of the major starch-based packaging materials. It is produced by extrusion or compression/explosion technology. This product has been developed as a replacement for polystyrene which is used to produce loose-fillers and other expanded items. Another type of starch-based plastics is produced by blending or mixing starch with synthetic polyester. For this type of biodegradable plastics, granular starch can be directly blended with polymer, or its granular structure can be destructurized before being incorporated into the polymer matrix. The type of starch and synthetic polymer as well as their relative proportions in the blends influence the properties of the resulting plastics. The last group of starch-based plastics is polyesters that are produced from starch. The major starch-derived polyesters in the market now are polylactic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoate. Experimental studies have demonstrated that cassava starch could be used for making various types of packaging products. As a major source of starch in tropical and subtropical regions, cassava is a promising raw material for the development of biodegradable plastics in these areas. Research has been done on HYPERLINK http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Biodegradable \t _blank \o Biodegradablebiodegradable plastics that break down with exposure to sunlight (e. g. , HYPERLINK http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ultra-violet_radiation \t _blank \o Ultra-violet radiationultra-violet radiation), water or dampness, bacteria, enzymes, wind abrasion and some instances rodent pest or insect attack are also included as forms of HYPERLINK http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Biodegradation \t _blank \o Biodegradationbiodegradation or HYPERLINK http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Environmental_degradation \t _blank \o Environmental degradationenvironmental degradation. It is clear some of these modes of degradation will only work if the plastic is exposed at the surface, while other modes will only be effective if certain conditions e xist in landfill or composting systems. HYPERLINK http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Starch \t _blank \o StarchStarch powder has been mixed with plastic as a filler to allow it to degrade more easily, but it still does not lead to complete breakdown of the plastic. Some researchers have actually HYPERLINK http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Genetic_engineering \t _blank \o Genetic engineeringgenetically engineered bacteria that synthesize a completely biodegradable plastic, but this material, such as HYPERLINK http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Biopol \t _blank \o BiopolBiopol, is expensive at present. The diversity and ubiquity of plastic products substantially testify to the versatility of the special class of engineering materials known as polymers. However, the non-biodegradability of these petrochemical-based materials has been a source of environmental concerns and hence, the driving force in the search for ‘green’ alternatives for which starch remains the frontliner. Starch is a natural biopolymer consisting predominantly of two polymer types of glucose namely amylose and amylopectin. The advantages of starch for plastic production include its renewability, good oxygen barrier in the dry state, abundance, low cost and biodegradability. The longstanding quest of developing starch-based biodegradable plastics has witnessed the use of different starches in many forms such as native granular starch, modified starch, plasticized starch and in blends with many synthetic polymers, both biodegradable and non-biodegradable, for the purpose of achieving cost effectiveness and biodegradation respectively. In this regard, starch has been used as fillers in starch-filled polymer blends, thermoplastic starch (TPS) (produced from the combination of starch, plasticizer and thermomechanical energy), in the production of foamed starch and biodegradable synthetic polymer like polylactic acid (PLA) with varying results. However, most starch-based composites exhibit poor material properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, stiffness and elongation at break, and also poor moisture stability. This therefore warranted scientific inquiries towards improving the properties of these promising starch-based biocomposites through starch modification, use of compatibilizers and reinforcements (both organic and inorganic), processing conditions, all in the hope of realizing renewable biodegradable substitutes for the conventional plastics. Definition of Terms Biodegradable able to decompose naturally: made of substances that will decay relatively quickly as a result of the action of bacteria and break down into elements such as carbon that are recycled naturally Starch – a white, granular or powdery, odorless, tasteless and complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice; an important foodstuff and used otherwise especially in adhesives and as fillers and stiffeners for paper and textiles. Plastics – the word plastic is derived from the words plasticus (Latin for â€Å"capable of molding†) and plastikos (Greek â€Å"to mold,† or â€Å"fit for molding†). Plastics are polymeric, moldable and synthetic materials which are derived from fossil fuels, such as oil, coal or natural gas. Plastics consist of organic (carbon-containing) long molecular chains that give them many of their unique properties. They can be made hard, flexible, strong, transparent, light and elastic. * Polymer – long-chain molecules that repeat their structures over and over * Polyethylene Bags the bags that you will see commonly used, such as plastic grocery bags, are made from petroleum byproducts, which is the root of most all of the environmental problems that they are the source of. Not only do they take substantially longer to break down or degrade, but as they do they release highly toxic chemicals. Resin – It is a hydrocarbon secretion of many HYPERLINK http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Plant \o Plantplants, particularly coniferous trees. It is valued for its chemical constituents and uses, such as varnishes and HYPERLINK http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Adhesive \o Adhesiveadhesives, as an important source of raw materials for organic synthesis, or for incense and perfume. * Polymer Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (MEKP) The most popular type of hardener because of its economy and ease of use. * Polyester Resin Polyester resins are the most commonly used matrix in the marine and composite industry. These resins are styrene-based, flammable and ca talyzed when combined with Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide(MEKP). Polyester resins are unsaturated resins formed by the reaction of dibasic organic acids and polyhydric alcohols. Premix Polyester Resin R10-60 – It is a fast gel premix polyester resin used for wood, kapiz, and other lamination with cellophane, â€Å"Lumirror† or â€Å"Mylar† films. It is also used to make decorative jewels and flowers from ceramic molds, to make small coatings from polyethylene amp; silicone rubber molds, and to cast on intrinsic molds such as steel or bass frames. * Plastic Resin Glue – Plastic resins are made by heating hydrocarbons in what is known as the cracking process. The goal here is to break down the larger molecules into ethylene, propylene, and other types of hydrocarbons. The amount of ethylene produced depends on the cracking temperature. Once the cracking process has been completed, the compounds are formed into chains that are known as polymers. Different polymers are combined to make plastic resins that have the characteristics needed for different applications Methodology: A. Materials 2 Cassava Tubers 180 ml of Premix Polyester Resin 300 ml of Polymer MEKP Hardener 100 grams Petroleum Jelly 3 old shirts Measuring cup Grater Plastic Spoon Knife 3 Plastic Containers Chopping board B. Procedure Gather the Cassava Tubers. Ground and squeeze it to extract the starch. Get hold of 240 grams of the starch and divide it into 3 equal parts: 80 grams in trial 1, trial 2 and trial 3. Place 60 ml of the plastic resin glue (Premix Polyester Resin) with 50 grams of flour catalyst for T1, 75 grams for T2 and 125 grams in T3. Mix and stir the components and pour it in the shirt with Petroleum Jelly and let it dry under the sun. To test its capacity to carry weight, use the plastic to carry objects. For its ability to hold water, put water inside the plastic. To test its tensile and bending properties, stretch the plastic as far as you can. Repeat steps 5-7 using T2 and T3.

Sexual Dysfunction In US Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis,

Sexual Dysfunction In US The article being reviewed Is from the February 22, 1999 issue of U.S. News and World Report. It is titled Not tonight, dear and is written by Wray Herbert. The article is separated into three parts dealing with sex and marriage, different statistics between the races, and the treatment of sexual dysfunction. There are a number of interesting facts in the intro that should be stated before a review of the articles body commences. The author cites a recent report consisting of interviews from 3,000 adults about their sexual lives. One of the findings from the report is that at nearly any given time almost one third of American men and 4 out of 10 American qomen suffer from some sort of sexual dysfunction. The range of dysfunction being suffered by American adults is a wide one, including a lack of desire, anxiety about performance, pain during intercourse, and orgasmic and arousal dysfunctions. The author then states that the contradictory messages about sexuality in our culture can only be part of the problem and that emotional and mental illness`s produced by past traumas and set backs are most likely the major cause of sexual dysfunction. First, there appears to be less reported cases of sexual dysfunction amongst married men and women than there are for singles. This sentiment is backed by a survey done by University of Chicago sociologist Edward Laumann and he concludes that the singles scene is not as carefree as it is cracked up to be and that sex within the confines of marriage is less problematic. This conclusion runs counter to the clinical experience of many sex therapists. Their experiences tend to make them think that many people in relationships are deeply committed to each other, however the are not in fact satisfied by their sexual relationships because the lack the desire to have sex. The issue of the inverse nature of male and female sexuality is also discussed, It seems that when they are younger men have a stronger desire for sexual contact and women have a higher incidence of sexual dysfunctions. These statistics reverse themselves in older people, when the incedences of dysfunction are higher for males and the desire for sexual contact is stronger in females. Secondly, in this article the levels of dysfunction and satisfaction is applied to different ethnicities. The three different races that were polled in this article were blacks, whites and Hispanics. In terms of sexual dysfunction, blacks reported higher occurrences of it, followed by whites and hispanics reported the lowest instances of dysfunction. Black women were most likely to report having low sexual desire low amounts of pleasure from sex, once again followed by white women. Hispanic women apparently have the most satisfying sex, because they consistently came in at the bottom of the survey for sexual dysfunction. In trying to explain or find a cause for sexual dysfunction most psychologist will point the finger in the direction of depression. It is thought that not just clinical depression but even less severe forms of it like dysthymia can negatively affect sexual functioning. Furthermore, many psychiatrist think that the root of most sexual dysfunctions lays in some other psychological dysfunction. Lastly, the article addresses the different ways to treat sexual dysfunction. The issue of prescribing Viagra to men wit erictile dysfunction is critiqued on the basis that some other psychological disorder might be the cause of sexual dysfunction. If this is true then many professionals think that giving the drug to men doesn`t really get to the root of the problem. They would rather have the primary disorder, like depression, treated instead of treating symptoms if the secondary disorder, like erectile dysfunction treated. Another aspect of our culture that might be adding to our dysfunctions are an adherence to antiquated stereotypical sex roles and the visual bombardments of an oversexed media.

25 Idiomatic Phrases That Include Single Initials

25 Idiomatic Phrases That Include Single Initials 25 Idiomatic Phrases That Include Single Initials 25 Idiomatic Phrases That Include Single Initials By Mark Nichol An initial letter, almost invariably capitalized, is often the first element in a two-word noun compound that constitutes an idiom. (Use of a connecting hyphen varies, and various sources may include or omit a hyphen.) Often, the letter stands for a word; occasionally, letters are used to assign priority (A and B, for example) or represent a shape. Here are common terms representing this form. 1. A side: a song released on a 45 rpm record, intended to become a hit single (see also â€Å"B side†) 2. A-bomb: a nuclear explosive device, from â€Å"atomic bomb† 3. A Level: a qualification for secondary school graduation originating in the United Kingdom and existing in other countries; the initial stands for advanced 4. A-game: used in the phrase â€Å"bring (one’s) A-game† to describe an A-player 5. A-player: an athlete- or, by extension, anyone else- who performs at a high level 6. B movie: originally, a low-budget movie that, with a more well-financed, well-publicized film, constitutes a double feature (a presentation of two movies at a movie theater); now, any low-budget commercial film 7. B side: originally, a song released on the flip side of a 45 rpm record opposite an intended hit single; such songs, either ones considered less likely to be popular or alternative versions of the A-side song, sometimes became hit singles in their own right (the term is now used to refer to a bonus track on a recording) 8. B-roll: supplemental film or video footage 9. C-section: a surgical incision to deliver a baby, from â€Å"caesarean section† 10. C-suite: collectively, the positions in a corporation constituting the highest level of management, from the first letter in the initials for â€Å"chief executive officer,† â€Å"chief operations officer,† â€Å"chief finance officer,† and so on 11. e-mail: a message delivered online from a digital device and accessed on another device, from â€Å"electronic mail† (recently supplanted by email in the Associated Press Style Book; formerly, E-mail); similar terms include e-business, e-commerce, and e-newsletter 12. F-hole: A sound hole in the surface of some stringed instruments, named for its shape (a stylized italic f); similar holes are designated C-holes and D-holes 13. f-stop: a value in optics of the ratio of a lens’s focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil; the letter is an abbreviation of focal (alternative terms include f-ratio) 14. F-word: a euphemism for a specific form of profanity that begins with the letter f; the â€Å"[letter]-word† form is also used to refer to any serious or jocular vocabulary evasion, as in The L Word, the title of a television series about lesbians and bisexual women (similarly, some offensive terms that consist of compound words are disguised by eliding all but the first letter of the first element of the word and inserting a hyphen, as in a-hole) 15. G rated: a designation that represents evaluation of the content of a movie by the Motion Picture Association of America on the basis of its suitability for children; by extension, the phrase refers to family-friendly content or an inoffensive conversation or situation (associated terms are â€Å"R rated,† to refer to violent or sexually charged content and â€Å"X rated,† denoting obscene or sexually explicit content) 16. G-string: a garment, a type of thong, worn as underwear or in striptease, alternatively said to derive from girdle or groin; a similar item is called a V-string 17. H bomb: a nuclear explosive device, from â€Å"hydrogen bomb† 18. J-school: a journalism department or school at a university, from â€Å"journalism school† 19: O Level: a qualification for secondary school graduation originating but no longer widely used in the United Kingdom but extant in other countries; the initial stands for ordinary (the term in Scotland was â€Å"O Grade†) 20. S curve: a term used in engineering and mathematics to represent a function, or a term in fine art for a sinuous body position 21. T-bone: a cut of steak with a cross section of a bone that is shaped like the letter T 22. V-neck: a V-shaped cut in the neckline of a shirt or other garment 23. X-axis: a horizontal line in two-dimensional space, often used in charts and graphs 24. X-ray: a form of electromagnetic radiation 25. Y-axis: a vertical line in two-dimensional space, often used in charts and graphs Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withHow to Pronounce MobileJanuary 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

An Introduction to DataSet in VB.NET

An Introduction to DataSet in VB.NET Much of Microsofts data technology, ADO.NET, is provided by the DataSet object. This object reads the database and creates an in-memory copy of that part of the database that your program needs. A DataSet object usually corresponds to a real database table or view, but DataSet is a disconnected view of the database. After ADO.NET creates a DataSet, there is no need for an active connection to the database, which helps in scalability because the program only has to connect with a database server for microseconds when reading or writing. In addition to being reliable and easy to use, DataSet supports both a hierarchical view of the data as XML and a relational view that you can manage after your program disconnects. You can create your own unique views of a database using DataSet. Relate DataTable objects to each other with DataRelation objects. You can even enforce data integrity using the UniqueConstraint and ForeignKeyConstraint objects. The simple example below uses only one table, but you can use multiple tables from different sources if you need them. Coding a VB.NET DataSet This code creates a DataSet with one table, one column, and two rows: Dim ds As New DataSet Dim dt As DataTable Dim dr As DataRow Dim cl As DataColumn Dim i As Integer dt New DataTable() cl New DataColumn( theColumn, Type.GetType(System.Int32)) dt.Columns.Add(cl) dr dt.NewRow() dr(theColumn) 1 dt.Rows.Add(dr) dr dt.NewRow() dr(theColumn) 2 dt.Rows.Add(dr) ds.Tables.Add(dt) For i 0 To ds.Tables(0).Rows.Count - 1 Console.WriteLine( ds.Tables(0).Rows(i).Item(0).ToString) Next i The most common way  to create a DataSet is to use the Fill method of the DataAdapter object. Heres a tested program example: Dim connectionString As String Data SourceMUKUNTUWEAP; Initial CatalogBooze; Integrated SecurityTrue Dim cn As New SqlConnection(connectionString) Dim commandWrapper As SqlCommand New SqlCommand(SELECT * FROM RECIPES, cn) Dim dataAdapter As SqlDataAdapter New SqlDataAdapter Dim myDataSet As DataSet New DataSet dataAdapter.SelectCommand commandWrapper dataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, Recipes) The DataSet can then be treated as a database in your program code. The syntax doesnt require it, but you will normally provide the name of the DataTable to load the data into. Heres an example showing how to display a field. Dim r As DataRow For Each r In myDataSet.Tables(Recipes).Rows Console.WriteLine(r(RecipeName).ToString()) Next Although the DataSet is easy to use, if raw performance is the goal, you might be better off writing more code and using the DataReader instead. If you need to update the database after changing the DataSet, you can use the Update method of the DataAdapter object, but you have to make sure that the DataAdapter properties are set correctly with SqlCommand objects. SqlCommandBuilder is usually used to do this. Dim objCommandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter) dataAdapter.Update(myDataSet, Recipes) DataAdapter figures out what has changed and then executes an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE command, but as with all database operations, updates to the database can run into problems when the database is being updated by other users, so you often need to include code to anticipate and solve problems when changing the database. Sometimes, only a DataSet does what you need. If you need a collection and youre serializing the data, a DataSet is the tool to use. You can quickly serialize a DataSet to XML by calling the WriteXML method. DataSet is the most likely object you will use for programs that reference a database. Its the core object used by ADO.NET, and it is designed to be used in a disconnected mode.

The Modern Sovereign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Modern Sovereign - Essay Example Political legitimacy depends not on how a government came to power, but only on whether it can effectively protect those who have consented to obey it; political obligation ends when protection ceases." (1) The word covenant also means agreement or an arrangement and in the modern age such as now, it is more practical to look at Hobbes's theory and on how it can be related to the way people live and or survive. The word "sovereignty" can also be connected to an old word which we also call "colonialism." Cheedy Jaja from the University of Florida explained this in her paper. She stated that Hobbes' colonialism also refer to the Sovereign as the one responsible for the protection of the people or groups included in the covenant (who also submitted themselves under the power of the sovereign for the purpose of protection) also has the responsibility for the distribution of materials that can sustain life. This distribution of materials to the people under his power may not be sufficient. According to Hobbes, (also explained by Jaja) this may lead again to a battle for goods or materials (possessions).

Planning for Data Collection Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning for Data Collection - Term Paper Example According to Keough and Tanabe (2011), a ressearch question is considered a significant footstep in conducting methodical investigationss. It is important to keep in mind the fact that any questions used to gather information in refrence to the scenario ought to be quantifiable, include all the variables of the study, and also be comprehensible enough. The main focus of this study in reference to the scenario is patient satisfaction. The initial questions should therefore cover quantifiable factors such as age, race, gender, and place of residence. Sebsequently, questions to determine the patients experience can be asked. The following are examples of questions that can be asked to gauge the level of patient satisfaction: In such a scenaio, face to face interviews would be the most relevant method to collect data regarding patient satsfaction. It is evident from past studies that face to face interviews lets or permits the researcher to have a personal association with the patient hence s/he is more likely to get first class and higgh quality information. This can be made easier by constructing a questionnaire to ease the whole process (Keough and Tanabe, 2011). As postulated by Keough and Tanabe (2011), to determine sample size, conducting a power analysis is vital. In reference to the scenario, the health instituion serves 10,000 patients annually. To have a distributed sample size, it would be importnt to for instance divide the annual turnover of patients by twelve in order to determine the proportion of patients visiting the instituion per month. Through the employment of an easy and unsystematic sampling tool, the equivalent fractions of patients to use as the sample monthly and subsequently annually can be determined. The participants will be selected through random sampling. For example, by the use of a sample size calculator, for an error

Ancient Greece and Greek Red-figure Vase Essay Example for Free

Ancient Greece and Greek Red-figure Vase Essay In ancient Greece, most jobs were done by slaves instead of free people. This was because the Greeks had no money to pay workers with (until the Archaic period), and because they had no clocks (to measure how long somebody had worked). But it was also because it is cheaper to force people to work for you than it is to pay them. Most people who were slaves in Greece had been born free. They were sold into slavery by their parents when they were children, because their parents were too poor to take care of them. Or they were captured by kidnappers or as prisoners of war and sold as slaves. A few slaves were the children of other slaves. Some slaves were Greek and some were Persians or Egyptians or Scythians. There were a lot of jobs, and so about a third of the people living in ancient Greece were slaves. Slaves were owned by other people, and had to work for their owners. They could not decide to go work for somebody else. If they refused to work, their owner hit them. People who were slaves could not marry or raise children without their owner’s permission. And slaves could be sold at any time. Most of the slaves worked in the fields, plowing and planting seeds and harvesting wheat and barley and olives. Some slaves worked for small farms, maybe just one or two slaves working alongside their boss. Other slaves worked on huge farms with hundreds of other slaves, and never saw their owner. Slaves who worked in the fields were almost all men. Other slaves, both men and women, worked in factories or small shops, making shoes or shields or pottery or leather or weaving cloth. Some slaves cut hair in barbershops, and others worked in the public baths. Some were prostitutes. Slaves who could read and write were often teachers or accountants. Or slaves who had skills might be musicians or dancers. Skilled slaves were often freed when they got too old to work, though we’re not sure whether this was good or bad for them. A smaller number of slaves worked as servants in the houses of their owners. Women worked as wet-nurses, or as nannies, or as cleaning women or cooks. They went to get water from the public fountains. Men worked taking care of the horses, or accompanying free children to school, or as handymen or gardeners. Men went to the market to do the shopping every day. These slaves, too, were often freed when they got old and couldn’t work anymore. Some poor slaves worked rowing trading ships. They were kept down in the bottom of the ship and never saw the sun, and they were given only bread and water to eat, and were often beaten to make them pull the oars harder. Most men who worked as rowers didn’t live very long. But the slaves that were the worst off were the men who worked in the silver mines. The silver in the mines was mixed with lead. So the men who worked in these mines gradually died of lead poisoning. Nobody lived more than two or three years. Their owners knew that the slaves were being poisoned, but they didn’t care. Some of these slaves were criminals, murderers or thieves who were being punished by working as slaves. Others were slaves who had tried to run away from other jobs, or had refused to work. But many slaves went to the mines for no reason at all, just because people were needed to work in the mines, and free people didn’t want that kind of work

Free Essays - The Importance of Honesty in The Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

The Importance of Honesty in The Catcher in the Rye "`I'm just going through a phase right now. Everybody goes through phases and all, don't they?'"( pg. 15) In The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield is a sixteen year-old who is disgusted at all the phony people in the world. For example where artists sacrifice their art for fame and mothers cry fake tears in movies. The importance of not being phony and being honest is the theme that Salinger presents in this story. Holden had difficulty fitting in at school and around the real world. Holden had a tough time fitting in at his schools because he thought of almost everyone as phonies. "`It's full of phonies, and all you do is study so that you can learn enough to be smart enough to be able to buy a goddam Cadillac some day, and you have to keep making believe you give a damn if the football team loses, and all you do is talk about girls and liquor and sex all day, and everybody sticks together in these dirty little goddam cliques' (pg. 131)." He seems to have a history of expulsion and failure at various schools because of his lack of ability to cope with others. Ordinary problems of his had turned into major conflicts with other students. "I hate fist fights. I don't mind getting hit so much - although I'm not crazy about it, naturally - but what scares me most in a fist fight is the guy's face. I can't stand looking at the other guy's face, is my trouble. It wouldn't be so bad if you could both be blindfolded or something. It's a funny kind of yellowne ss, when you come to think of it, but it's yellowness, all right. I'm not kidding myself. (pg. 90)" Holden got into a fight with his roommate at school because he was going out with his ex-girlfriend. He's afraid that the guy is taking her from him, even though he's not with her anymore. These are problems that are normal, but Holden has trouble dealing with them. Holden's problems in the real world were too much for him, he had to make up things to make himself seem better than what he was.

Tragic Fall Classic

Scrim Review Arthur Underworld Diver university So you're sitting at home bored for hours on end, and you want something to Just take your mind away from reality and into another world where you can do whatever you as you wish. Well it sounds like you want to play a video game. Actually, it sounds like you want to play Elder Scrolls V: Scrim. This is a review of the popular cross platform video game commonly referred to as Scrim. I give this game a 9. 75 out of 10 for its amazing graphics, fantastic attention to detail, smooth gamely. Underfed harasser development, and of course, fun story line. The game starts with the main character on the verge of getting executed when he is saved by none other then a giant fire-breathing dragon. You hear from other players that dragons are extinct in this world for centuries. Obviously not. You must decide quickly whether you will escape the burning town with the imperial guard, or with the leader of the rebellion who has recently murdered the ki ng and claims that government is oppressing the natural born peoples to Scrim.This decision is not an important one, but introduces oh to the tact throughout the game you will given choices. Some of which are not simple. Simple this or that choices are prominent, but some are as complicated as do nothing and your reputation will be hindered. You soon find out that you are the dragoon. You have the power of Theme, or voice. You can yell and basically effect the world around you by either doing damage or even become Invisible. The storyline Is complicated and involves twists and plots and quite a lot of dragon killing, and inevitably, dragons killing you.Probably the most annoying part of the game. Eating stuck in a dragon fight that can take some time to finish if your not inept in magic, and all the sudden here comes another dragon, and on a rare occasion, a third or fourth dragon. Leaving you with little ability to defend yourself against an onslaught of dragons that will most like ly leave you burnt too crisp on the side of some road, The Elder Scroll series is famous for their use of the guilds. The Dark Brotherhood, an assassins' guild, the Thieves' Guild, the Fighters' Guild, and the Mages guild are all, as expected, playable in this game.I played through all the guilds this time and am glad to report that there is nothing that leaves you wanting more afterward. Being able to sneak around and play a thief or an assassin, making money and getting rewards beyond compare from regular side quests. Becoming the leader of the Mages guild was particularly rewarding, with a room full of loot and Ingredients that always regret, allowing you to restock on potion Items from hard to find Ingredients in the same room. Character development is particularly exciting In this game. Previous role playing Ames allow stats Increases by overall experience and level ups.In Scrim you level up certain buffs such a health regeneration and a big enough armor rating you can actually level up things like armor by attacking a guard and sitting there and letting the guards attack you. In about an hour your armor rating will be at 99, and you sat back and read your homework the whole time. However with skills like conjuration and lock pick, it's a little harder to level up. Unless you start lock picking, or conjuring monsters early in the game you'll find yourself with a pathetically low level near the ND of the game and needing to make up so many skill levels to level up you main level.This will be very time consuming, especially with the skills I mentioned. The first thing you'll notice about the game, however, is its graphics. Scrim has no cut scenes such as this. All the graphics are designed on the same engine that runs game play. The good and the bad for this you ask? Well loading time can get annoying, but if you download the game to your console then load times are reduced by about half. Rendering graphics can also get glitch. Sometimes an object will appe ar and twitch back and forth stuck on an invisible wall or level.This rarely effects gamely however, so is easily overlooked. Aside from the graphics, the attention to detail in every level of the game is without compare. This is an open world game, which meaner you can travel to any section of the world at any time for any reason. The countryside is full of mountains covered in snow. The valleys are full flowers and plants, all of which are able to be harvested for ingredients to sell/trade or brew potions. Every item you see can be kicked up and sold or used.Tragic Fall Classic Winning a World Series is the most coveted prize for any team in major league baseball. The â€Å"Fall Classic† of 1919 represented the power of greed. This series displayed a form of greed that may never be reached again in any professional sport. Most athletes possess the admirable greed of winning and succeeding. In 1919, six players of the Chicago White Sox showed a form of greed that rarely occu rs In such a respectable game. What most professional baseball players never get to experience was traded for cash incentives.Through all the persuasion and temptation for meeting of monetary value that some would consider worth more than a world championship, two men exhibited that true love for the game of baseball and loyalty to one's team can help overcome such temptations. This series not only represented the utter greed of 6 players, but the loyalty, strength, pride, and respect for the game of baseball that can counteract such a heinous form of greed. After winning their respected leagues, the Cincinnati Reds and the Chicago White Sox faced off in the most popular sporting event in America at the time (Cook 3). Baseball during the sass was very popular.This was because the untied States was at war from 1 914 to 1919. Americans turned to the great sport of baseball to escape the harsh reality of what was going on overseas (Casino 12). In large cities like Cincinnati and Chicag o, the need to find an outlet for entertainment was easily obtained by spending the afternoon in the ballpark (Casino 13). Both teams were supported by two of the most loyal fans in the country. Both Chicago and Cincinnati had tremendous fans. Baseball was the pride and Joy for these cities in 1919. The loyalty went far beyond city limits. Fans throughout the teams respected states showed support (Cook 14).Each fan base wanted to have their baseball team represent their city in the highest fashion. Winning the World Series not only boosted the morale of an entire metropolis, it served as a symbol of littleness only reached by one city a year. Despite knowing how loyal its fans were, Chick Gandhi of the White Sox persuaded gambler Joseph Sullivan that his team could pull Off â€Å"fix† of the series (Casino 22). Gandhi persuaded Eddie Cootie, Claude (Lefty) Williams, Happy Fell's, Swede Riggers, and Fred McMullen to Join in on the fix. The money was supplied by notorious New Y ork City gangster Albert Rottenest (Casino 24).Sandal was able to persuade the players because they were offered a significant amount of money by the gamblers. This, coupled with the fact that owner Charles Commonly severely underplayed the players gave them the motivation to go through with the fix (Pistols). Charles Commonly not only underpaid his players, he also cheated them out of much more money outside of their salaries. The notorious owner has been known to not pay for the cleaning of his team's Jerseys along with cutting bonuses, not roving any sort of health benefits, and not providing proper equipment. (Lynch 18).The large sum of money offered and the mutual hatred of Charles Commonly was enough for six men to purposely attempt to lose the greatest of sporting events In the nation. Of the eight men who were offered the money to purposely lose the series, â€Å"Shoeless† Joe Jackson and Buck Weaver turned away from the temptations and played for one purpose: to brin g a World Series title to south Chicago (Lynch 2). Rumors began to circulate that the White Sox were going to lose games on purpose (Casino 30). Betting odds began to favor Cincinnati, who on paper, was the lesser of the two teams (Popsicle).In order to signal that the fix was on, pitcher Eddie Cootie hit Cincinnati leaders hitter on the second pitch (Cook 12). From that point on, everything went downhill for White Sox fans. Throughout the course of the series, almost all the players on the White Sox performed very poorly. As a team, the White Sox had a batting average of . 224 (Albright). Without Joe Jackson and Buck Weaver, they hit . 182 (Scott). Joe Jackson set a World Series record with 12 hits, while batting n astounding average of . 375, the highest on the team (Scott).Buck Weaver also had an excellent series, compiling 11 hits, 4 runs, and batting . 324 (Scott). The White Sox made the series respectable, by winning the 3rd, 6th, and 7th game of the series in an effort to avo id suspicion (A rule was changed in 1919 to extend the World Series to a best-of-9 series. ) (Casino 43). Overall, the White Sox had 12 errors, none of which were committed by Joe Jackson or Buck Weaver (Scott). In the conclusion of the Series, six men walked away with their payment for throwing the series. Joe Jackson and Buck Weaver walked away without a single cent (Popsicle).The eight players were brought to trial and were eventually found innocent (Casino 60). Despite being acquitted, the commissioner of the league stated that he will not allow the players to ever play professional baseball again because of their actions (Cook 56). The ten players who were deemed innocent by owner Charles Economies were given a $1 ,500 bonus (Scott). The 1919 World Series was from then on associated with the â€Å"Black Sox† scandal. The reputation of the elite group of players in south Chicago was destroyed and wouldn't be restored for decades to come.The eight players who were banned b y the commissioner would fight for their right to play professional baseball for many years. The commissioner was right to ban the six players who received money from the gamblers. Baseball is a game of love and respect. Without respect, the game of baseball would not have the reputation of being â€Å"America's Pastime. † People across the nation come together through their mutual love and respect for baseball. Baseball is what got many people through tough times. It provided light in a dark time during the sass.The six men who threw he series had absolutely no respect for their profession. Unfortunately, they put the game to shame for a period of time. Fans lost trust in baseball and were very disappointed with the game as a whole. Joe Jackson and Buck Weaver devoted their lives toward the great sport of baseball. Through their hard work and education, they were able to reach the highest echelon of all baseball leagues. What's even worse than the fact that Jackson and Weave r were banned from playing the sport professionally ever again, is that six men purposely lost a World Series for money.It is almost every young boys dream to win a World Series when he grows up. Six men traded a moment in their life that would be cherished forever for money which will eventually disappear. They disappointed an entire city in order to make extra money. This series showed the danger of greed along with the terrible and corrupt sacrifices people make for Jackson serve as great role models for athletes. They had too much love and respect to purposely lose such a great accolade for money (Casino 57). Jackson and Weaver should forever be an example of true love and respect for a sport.In the inventory menu you can look at every item specifically, turning it around and zooming in and out as you wish. Overall, the only problems I found with the game was with some glitches, which can be expected in any game of this magnitude. Those glitches are the only reason I didn't give this game a 10/10. This game has a storyline that draws in the player, allowing for expandable play through guilds. It has the best and most pleasing graphics yet to date, and a record making attention to detail. It's by far the best RPG Vive played.

Interaction and Communication Essay

1.1: Explain how different forms of dementia may affect the way an individual communicates: Forms of dementia are all different therefore the individuals will be affected in different ways when it comes to communication, for example; one individual may find it difficult to express their words where as another individual may speak more fluently but their sentences not make any sense. The individual depending on what type of dementia and how far into the stage they are may find other ways communicating such as; using body language, facial expressions, gestures, eye contact and tone of voice. Read more:  Explain How Individuals With Dementia May Communicate Through Their Behaviour 1.2: Explain how physical and mental health factors may need to be considered when communicating with an individual who has dementia: Physical and mental health factors will also need to be considered when communicating with someone who has dementia, for example somebody who is deaf and has hearing aids will need to make sure that the carer has put the hearing aids in correctly, that they are switched on and turned right up. The carer will also need to speak in a loud and clear tone of voice to able the individual to communicate more easily. The carer will need to make sure the individual has their glasses on if they wear any so that the carer can keep direct eye contact with the individual so the communication is better. For physical health factors the carer will need to consider that the individuals may be in pain or have discomfort which will more than likely affect their communication. 1.3: Describe how to support different communication abilities and needs of an individual with dementia who has a sensory impairment: People with dementia may need extra support with different types of communication abilities when it comes to sensory impairment, for example; Vision: People with dementia may experience several changes in visual abilities, for example they may lose their ability to grasp visual images although there is nothing physically wrong with their eyes. People with dementia may no longer be able to understand what they see exactly due to changes in their brain. The carer could support the individual by; Marking the edges of steps with brightly coloured strips of tape. Place brightly coloured signs or simple pictures on important rooms such as the bathroom for easier identification. Smell: A loss or decrease in smell usually occurs with people with dementia. The carer could support the individual by; Having good quality smoke alarms and to check them frequently as the individual may not smell the smoke. Also keep the fridges clean and tidy. Touch: People with dementia may suffer from loss of touch and may not be able to tell someone when something is too hot or too cold or even when they are in pain or discomfort. The carer could support the individual by; Adjusting the water heaters to the correct temperature so it isn’t possible to scald anyone. Colour coding the water taps; blue for cold, red for hot. Placing signs on electricals and to have supervision with the individual when  they need to use them. Removing furniture that is hazardous or putting cushions on the corners to keep them padded. Taste: People with dementia may lose taste sensitivity which could lead them to putting anything and everything in their mouths, also it could stop them from wanting to eat. The carer could support the individual by; Remove/lock up medicine cabinet items such as tooth paste, hairspray, body washes/soaps. To have a child proof lock on the fridge if necessary. Keep items such as salt, sugar or spices away from reach in case of the resident eating too much of it. Hearing: People with dementia may have normal hearing but may struggle with understanding what someone is trying to say. This may result in confusion or over-stimulation. The carer could support the individual by; Avoiding loud noises in the home such as the radio or TV being too loud. Avoid large gatherings in the home if the person with dementia shows signs of agitation or distress in crowds. 1.4: Describe the impact the behaviours of carers and others may have on an individual with dementia: People with dementia can display certain behaviours which can be seen by others as inappropriate or unacceptable such as shouting, excessive screaming, insultive and inappropriate touching. What the carers and other should see this as is this is part of the individual’s dementia and handled in a polite manner, this isn’t the individual’s personal behaviour it is part of their condition. Shouting at a dementia resident because they are screaming will just make the  resident worse as it can cause further distress and confusion to them. By not paying attention to the resident when they make a request can leave the resident feeling like a burden to the system. Somebody with dementia could forget when they need the toilet or even where the toilet is and with a carer or others blaming the individual for continence issues this can make the individual feel sad and ashamed. Carers however should encourage and reassure the individuals. People with dementia should also be encouraged to take part in their daily routines if they are able to do so as this will help the individual to feel useful and helpful and involved. Carers who do everything and don’t allow the residents to get involved can leave the residents feeling useless and like a burden too. Be able to use positive interaction approaches with individuals’ with dementia: 4.1: Explain the difference between reality orientation approach to interactions and a validation approach: Reality orientation and validation approaches are quite different as reality orientation is all about here and now, meaning the time of day, where they are and what they are doing, where as the validation approach is when the carer would accept and take on board what the individual is saying but to not correct them when they are wrong as in the approach the carer is focusing more on the indivdual’s feelings rather that the content of speech. References: Websites: www.caringnews.com www.fightdementia.org.au

Dissecting a Great Cover Letter

Dissecting a Great Cover Letter One type of writing that is often requested (and just as often misunderstood) is the cover letter. There are several different reasons why a cover letter can be requested. A common instance is a request for a cover letter in addition to ones resume when applying for a new job. Another type of cover letter request is for college applications and vocational certification programs, as well as for when applying for scholarships, grants, and other types of financial aid.Regardless of its intent, a great cover letter is usually required if you want to enter a new program in college or a new job in the workforce, and care should be taken in how it is written. In order to help you with the cover letter writing process, weve divided the task up into three separate parts that should be addressed individually. In the following article, we will discuss details on writing each part - the introduction, body, and conclusion - as well as provide two sample cover letters.IntroductionIn the first pa ragraph, introduce yourself, the position youre interested in, and the fact that youre the perfect candidate for the position or the program (if applying to graduate program).You really cant go wrong with this simple formula as the entire introduction of your cover letter. Oftentimes, the best introductions are those that are short, to the point, and nicely worded. While its understandable that you want to give the reader a sense of who you are within a few paragraphs, keep in mind that friendly, concise communication is generally preferred when the reader is receiving multiple cover letters at once.Heres an example of an effective introductory paragraph:I was very excited to learn about the website content manager position you have available at New Marketing, and I would like to take the opportunity to introduce myself and the reason I believe I would be the perfect fit for your creative team.In the second [and following] paragraph, discuss two to three highlights of your career an d achievements that show why you are the perfect candidate for the job or program.Think of this paragraph and the next (if you include it as part of the body) as a best of, highlighting two or three achievements or career milestones that make you the perfect candidate for the position. If youve received any awards in your field, this is where you might mention them. If you have been entrusted with leadership roles, increased sales by a certain percentage, or any similar accomplishment that would make you stand out from other candidates, include those as well.Much of what you should include within the second and third paragraphs will be dependent on the position you are seeking, or the program to which you are applying. You should tailor the body of your cover letter to the highlights of your career and experience that would be best suited for the position or program. If its an academic program youre applying to and youre supplying a cover letter for that, the body of your letter sho uld mention any papers youve written and published, or research that youve presented at conferences. Any experience conducting research is going to be useful in academic programs, so the person who will be reviewing your cover letter will want to know the extent of your involvement with conducting, analyzing, and writing about research.If the purpose of your cover letter is to apply for a position at a new company, the body of your cover letter should mention work youve done in the past that has prepared you for the job youre writing about. Particularly if the job is in a creative field, supplying web links to your online portfolio pieces gives the reader a quick, easy way to get to know your work. If the cover letter is to be sent via e-mail, you can link your portfolio directly from the letter.Heres an example of a paragraph that links to your portfolio:Content is more than copy or text, and it includes the whole graphical interface a website user experiences when online. As portf olio pieces Ive designed personally on Squarespace, including all graphic and copy elements, the following links will give you a brief glimpse of what I can do as a creative on your team: [link here] and [link here].In the third paragraph, close with expressing your interest in speaking with the hiring or admissions committee, in person, to further explain why youre the perfect candidate for the job or graduate program.In much the same way that the introduction was short and to the point, your conclusion should restate your interest in the position and your hope for a face-to-face meeting. Let them know how to contact you and close it with a friendly salutation. This paragraph can be considered a call to action (a term used in marketing circles) in the sense that you are requesting they take action and call you in for an interview to learn more about you and your candidacy for the program or position.Something like this:I have additional examples that showcase the scope of the work I do as a creative in the fields of web design and marketing, and I would appreciate the opportunity to speak with you further about why I believe I am the perfect candidate for this position. You can contact me by e-mail at [insert e-mail address here] or by phone at [insert phone number here].Or:Although I have written and published multiple pieces in regional magazines, I am most proud of my research on helping low-level readers achieve freedom to read on their own, without assistance, and to develop a love for the act of reading. I hope to continue conducting this type of research in your esteemed program, and I look forward to speaking with you more about my potential as a graduate student.Cover letter formattingWhen writing a cover letter, it is important to keep in mind the same etiquette used in writing letters to an associate or business. Unless it is specifically requested that your cover letter be written as an e-mail, in e-mail format, think of it as a letter that you wo uld send through the postal service, with the recipients name and address - along with your name and address - included at the top 1/3 of the page. Use easy-to-read font that is between 10 point and 12 point in size, and avoid using colors other than standard blue, gray, or black, depending on the type of paper you will be printing it on.If the letter will be printed, also be sure that the paper you put it on is clean, white, and doesnt have a lot of distracting marks on it (like some stationery might have).Web design sample cover letterYour NameStreet AddressCity, State ZIP CodeDateRecipients NameTitle (if he or she has one)Street AddressCity, State ZIP CodeDear Hiring Manager*:I was very excited to learn about the website content manager position you have available at New Marketing, and I would like to take the opportunity to introduce myself and the reason I believe I would be the perfect fit for your creative team.With extensive experience writing copy across multiple media - from online content to publishing in local and regional magazines - I believe that I will be able to continue to develop creative work that adds to your reputation in the industry. With a bachelors degree in English and a minor in graphic design, I have demonstrated knowledge that I can span both sides of the creative aisle when helping clients with their online brand reputation and content.Content is more than just copy or text, and it includes the whole graphical interface a website user experiences when online. As portfolio pieces Ive designed personally on Squarespace, including all graphic and copy elements, the following links will give you a brief glimpse of what I can do as a creative on your team: here and here.I have additional examples that showcase the scope of the work I do as a creative in the fields of web design and marketing, and I would appreciate the opportunity to speak with you further about why I believe that I am the perfect candidate for this position. You can contact me by e-mail at [insert e-mail address here] or by phone at [insert phone number here].Sincerely,Your name[*note that it is always preferable to use the name of your intended reader, if you have that information available. If you dont have the information available, sometimes a few phone calls are all it takes to know which exact name to write in the salutation. Dear Sir/Madam is sometimes used, but not preferred, according to most experts. If you can write the readers exact name, your letter will have a better opportunity of having a powerful effect on the reader. Its simply human nature to prefer being addressed by your name.]Admission sample cover letterYour NameStreet AddressCity, State ZIP CodeDateRecipients NameTitle (if they have one)Street AddressCity, State ZIP CodeDear Admissions Committee:Having recently earned my Bachelor of Arts in English from The University of Tennessee, I am interested in applying to your graduate program as a candidate for the Masters of Education, with certification to teach English for grades 7-12. I believe that I am the perfect candidate for your program, and I am excited to begin the application process.As an honors award recipient throughout all four years of my undergraduate studies, I have had several opportunities to publish my research and work related to the field of language studies and the English curriculum. The piece that I am most proud of was co-written with Dr. Sarah Helding and entitled, Teaching low-level readers to read through finding what motivates them. This particular study was published in the Journal of American Educators and received glowing reviews from the editors of the journal. The best impact of my research, however, was learning that several school systems in the area, particularly those in urban districts, will be adopting the methods we wrote about in their own classes for struggling readers. Knowing that my research will be put to practical, meaningful use is what encourages me to continue in this field.Although I have written and published multiple pieces in regional magazines, I am most proud of my research into helping low-level readers achieve freedom to read on their own, without assistance, and to develop a love for the act of reading. I hope to continue conducting this type of research in your esteemed program, and I look forward to speaking with you more about my potential as a graduate student.Sincerely,Your name

Two Weeks Notice Email Examples of How to Write the Perfect One

Two Weeks Notice Email Examples of How to Write the Perfect One So you’re moving on and have to send in your two week’s notice email.   The panic has inevitably set in. First of all, know that it’s much preferable to tell your boss in person, then provide your employer with a formal letter of resignation. If you have to quit your job in a hurry and you’re too close to two weeks to write a formal letter, you may be stuck sending a two weeks’ notice email. Giving two weeks, after all, is an important and respectful way to gracefully exit a job. It’s standard practice- the least you can do! Keep in mind that some companies may ask you to leave immediately upon receipt of your letter, but the offer of the extra time to help ease the transition is almost always the right move. If you find yourself in the scenario of having to write a resignation email, here are a few tips, as well as a resignation letter template.1. Name the date.Explicitly state the date when you will leave the company. This gives your boss a clear sense of your timeline and establishes a paper trial.2. Keep it concise.There is no need to go into detail. Convey that you are resigning and when your last day will be. Stifle urges to overshare about your reasons or your feelings and all the rest.3. Offer to help.It’s never a bad idea to offer to be extra helpful in your final two weeks- i.e. helping to train your replacement or shoring up unfinished projects.4. Ask HR questions.You should CC HR on your email. Now’s your chance to ask any questions about benefits or your final paycheck. You should include where to send your last paycheck, and perhaps a forwarding email address for future contact.5. Check it twice.There’s absolutely no shame in thoroughly proofing your email multiple times. Double check everything- spelling, dates, names, grammar. Make it unimpeachable. A classy exit.Still confused? Here is a template you can use as a guide:Subject: Two Weeks NoticeDear [Supervisor’s Name],This letter is to formally give notice that I will be resigning from my position as [Your job] at [Company], effective in two weeks. My last day of work will be [Date two weeks from when you send].I have accepted a position with another company that will further my growth and career development, but I remain grateful to everyone at [Company]. I have learned so much and gained such great experience being part of your team and I appreciate the time and attention you have given me during my time here.During the next two weeks, I am more than willing to help make the transition as smooth as possible. Please let me know how best I can help, whether that be helping to recruit my replacement, or assisting in their training.Again, it has been a pleasure working with you. I wish you, and everyone at [Company] continued success in the future.Sincerely,[Your name]Your Namename@personalemail.comCell Number

PATTERN OF KNOWING AND NURSING SCIENCE Assignment

PATTERN OF KNOWING AND NURSING SCIENCE - Assignment Example Aesthetic knowing is â€Å"knowing that connects with deep meanings of a situation and calls forth inner creative resources that transform experience† (Hood, 2014, p.116). It is considered the knowing of feelings. This is where you build a sense of trust with family members and the patient. For examples, last week I was assigned a patient whose family members, I was told, would be difficult. I went into the room and explained everything that was going to be done to the patient. I also involved them in the care and educated them about the patient’s situation while interacting with them and giving them a sense of belonging so that I could gain their trust. There is also personal knowing, which I believe comes hand in hand with the aesthetic part of knowing. Once that connection is established, personal knowledge will come easily— the building of a patient-nurse relationship, the formation of trust, that solid foundation that is truly essential in accomplishing the desired outcomes. According to Hood (2014, p. 117), â€Å"The individual must be open to experience and intuitive feelings, be honest with their self, and make efforts to acknowledge the response of others...† Sometime ill people simply need someone to listen and some affection. For example, I had a very anxious patient to take care of and her heart rate rose to 130. I went into her room, sat and talked to her for 30 minutes. After we laughed and I gave her a hug, she was fine. With this being said understanding and appreciating the ways of knowing develops and enhances your nursing practices, making you a better nurse. We are able to see different things from different points of view. Using the ways of knowing in practice and delivery of care can change a lot of lives and increase customer service for our patients. According to Hood (2014, p. 117), â€Å"The individual must be open to experience and intuitive feelings, be honest with self, and make efforts to acknowledge the response of

International entrepreneurship -2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International entrepreneurship -2 - Essay Example Until the 21st century, there were a number of international entrepreneurs who have developed great products that are currently used by people across the world. This paper will however focus on the activities and the birth of mobile and electronic giant Apple Inc. the birth and growth of Apple will be critically analyzed with a bias towards its strategies, international market shares, growth trends and the potential. The entrepreneurial spirits of the founders who coined and pursued the idea to the end will also be evaluated in order to develop an idea on the challenges and strengths that the company possesses. Introduction The purpose of this report is to provide an in-depth analysis of a company that is considered as a perfect example of an international entrepreneurship project. Apple Inc, a company based in California United States will be studied with an aim of getting insights into the company’s profile and practices. In doing this, the report will review the motivations and the reasons for starting the business. The personal profiles of the founders, educational backgrounds, family information and financial abilities will also be evaluated. The market share and capitalization of the company will also provide great information of the company’s growth progress and abilities as compared to other market players and competitors (Beech and Jiang, 2012). Profile of firm Ref Description Response 1.1 Company age Apple Inc is today 36 years old, having been established in 1977 by three young entrepreneurs. It’s based in Cupertino, California (Beech and Jiang, 2012) 1. 3size (no of employees/sales turnover) Today, Apple Inc has over 72,800 employees in worldwide working in their laboratories, retail stores and operating their online stores (Apple, 2013). The company’s Market capitalization is $416.46 billion in 2013, a value which has shown significant improvement when compared with the previous financial year (Linzmayer, 2009). It also had a Total sales of $164.46 billion in 2013, a value that improved if compare with the previous years (Beech and Jiang, 2012). 1.4 Industry sector Apple Inc operates under Computer, information technology and mobile telephony industry and is today operating in the entertainment sector through its online music stores (Lashinsky, 2012). Main offerings The products offered by apple Inc include Computer hardware such as mackintosh computers, apple computers (Martin, 2011). The company also markets Computer software such as iMac iOS operating system, iCloud Mobile devices such as Apple Smartphone, iPhone Audio digital devices such as iPad, digital audio and music stores. 1.4 Main domestic/international market Domestic market include United states of America International market include Europe, Asia especially China, South American countries and Africa. 1.5 If international, no. of markets percentage of sales as exports The total percentage exports to china during the financial year 2012 were 5%. Europe constitutes the major percentage of apple’s international exports at 14% in 2012 (Martin, 2011). Demographic profile of entrepreneur Ref Description Response 2.1 Age, gender, education, marital status Steve jobs remains the main entrepreneur and brainchild behind the apple we see and know today He Started the business while 22 years old. Steve went to reed college but dropped out before completion. He was a Zen Buddhist believer and was married to Laurene Powell and

Hotel Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hotel Marketing - Case Study Example PDR Hotels and Resorts is a world-renowned travel destination for many tourists around the world. Being a luxury hotel usually known to be situated in primary areas of every location where they are situated in, PDR Hotels and Resorts hold a strong sense of market control in terms of attracting travelers to book in their facilities found mainly in the United Kingdom, Dublin, Paris, New York, Moscow, Dubai, Singapore, India and the USA. Being well-distributed around the globe, PDR Hotels and Resorts already hold a strong and unbreakable reputation in the field of travel and tourism operations. However, as the market also changes the level of their demands from the said industry, PDR administration decides to go beyond the usual and traditional culture adapted by the organization in terms of locating their branches. Recently, the administration decides to buy a property located at the outskirts of a city. Hotel Mortloch is an old yet operating hotel that used to be recognized as a major destination for royalties during the time of its peak operations. Today though, the owners of the facility simply had other priorities to actually focus on the development of the area. Hence, PDR administration decides to take on the responsibility of reviving the reputation of the Mortloch hotel through buying the property and making it a part of their worldwide chain of operating hotels and resorts. However, approaching the need to market this particular new facility may not be as easy as 123, it should be observed. that unlike other PDR branches, this is located far from the center of the city. Besides that it has old facilities, major renovation needs to be done so as to mix the facilities of the hotel with that of the traditional appearance of PDR buildings around the

Analysing The Effects Of The Earth Summits Politics Essay

Analysing The Effects Of The Earth Summits Politics Essay As early as the 1960s governments began to realise that human activity was damaging the environment. Governments around the world recognised that something had to be done, which resulted in the first international gathering about the human interaction with the environment, known as the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which was held in Stockholm in June 1972. This was the first of several global environmental meetings and it laid the foundation for international action to protect the environment. Three major treaties were drawn up in subsequent international environmental conferences; these were the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Kyoto Protocol and the Copenhagen Accord. In 1992, five years after the Brundtland Report was published, the Rio Earth summit was held. It was held from the 3rd 14th June in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The aim of the Rio Earth summit was to review the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, implemented at Stockholm on 16th June 1972 and look for more ways to work together to create a more sustainable future. The Earth summit was the largest environmental conference ever held with over 100 heads of state attending. Five agreements were drawn up during the Earth summit; The Convention on Biological Diversity, The Framework Convention on Climate Change, Principles of Forest Management, Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, often shortened to the Rio Declaration, builds on the basic proposals set out in 1972 at the UN Conference on the Human Environment. It consisted of 27 principles designed to guide governments on ways to halt the destruction of irreplaceable natural resources and pollution of the planet (United Nations Department of Public Information, 1997) and to guide sustainable development  around the world (Towards-Sustainability, 2000). One key point of the Rio Declaration was that current development must not damage the environmental and developmental requirements of the present and future generations. Therefore, environmental protection should no longer be thought of as independent from the development of a nation. Also, nations should make a concerted effort to reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption (C-FAM, 1992). As a result a great deal of research is ongoing to create alternative sources of energy to replace fossil fuels. Another key principle was that nations could explore their own resources provided that they did not cause environmental damage outside their borders and that international laws needed to be set up to compensate for damage caused by nations to areas beyond their borders. This led to the proposal that The polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution (C-FAM, 1992). A further key principle of the Rio Declaration was that eradicating poverty and reducing disparities in living standards in different parts of the world are essential to achieve sustainable development (International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1997). Reducing the difference in living standards around the world is important for future sustainable development because if each nation has the same standard of living they will be more inclined to share the latest scientific findings and new technologies to protect the environment. The main message of the Rio Declaration was that nations attitudes and activities would have to be adjusted, to ensure that long term economic progress would be linked with the protection of the environment. Also, international agreements that were designed to protect the environment, while allowing the development of a nation, would have to be created. The Rio Declaration committed countries, including the UK, to be more sustainable whilst creating guidelines for a more sustainable future (Atmosphere, Climate Environment Information Programme, 2000). This has been beneficial because governments and businesses have become more eco-efficient and are creating eco-friendly products. During the Rio earth summit five agreements had been established, making it the most extensive and obliging plan of action ever accepted by the international community. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiated the Kyoto Protocol treaty in the Japanese city of Kyoto in December 1997. It was originally ratified by 140 countries and it came into effect on the 16th February 2005. By 18th April 2006 168 countries had signed the Kyoto Protocol and by 3rd December 2007 this number had risen to 175. It is a legally binding international agreement imposing limits on emissions of greenhouse gases that are blamed for rising world temperatures. The gases that were considered to be greenhouse gases were carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride, HFCs and PFCs. Industrialised countries agreed to reduce their collective emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% (UNFCCC, 1997) compared to their emissions in the 1990. Through the Kyoto protocol 37 industrialised countries were set binding targets, the UK committed itself to reducing its emissions to 12.5% below its 1990 levels by 2012. The European Union agreed to reduce its emissions by 8%. The US, the worlds largest emitter of greenhouse gases (approximately 25%), had approved a 7% reduction in emissions, however in 2001 this was denounced by President George Bush stating that it would harm the economy and is flawed by the lack of restrictions on emissions by emerging economies China and India (The Guardian, 2005). Not all industrialised countries were set goals of reduced emissions, Australias greenhouse gas emissions were permitted an increase of 8% compared to their 1990 levels and Icelands emissions were allowed an increase of 10%. The commencement of the Kyoto protocol was delayed by the requirement that at least 55 countries, accounting for at least 55% of the worlds 1990 carbon dioxide emissions must ratify it. This was reached when Russia signed up on 18th November 2004, nearly seven years after the treaty was negotiated. The Kyoto Protocol established three mechanisms for nations to reduce their emissions; Joint Implementation, Clean Development Mechanism and International Emissions Trading. Joint Implementation allowed a nation that had committed itself to an emission reduction target under the Kyoto Protocol to earn emission reduction units (ERUs) when they invested in projects that reduce emissions in another country with an emission reduction target under the Kyoto Protocol. Each ERU was equivalent to one tonne of carbon dioxide, which could be used to help the investing country towards reaching their emission reduction target. This offered countries a flexible method of reducing their emissions while also helping another country to develop emission reducing technology. The Clean Development Mechanism allowed a country with an emission reduction target to earn certified emission reduction (CER) credits when they invested in projects to reduce emissions in developing countries that do not have an emission target. Each CER was equal to one tonne of carbon dioxide. Both ERUs and CERs could be sold and traded like any other commodity, encouraging governments to invest in emission reducing projects and technologies. Countries emission reduction targets are stated as assigned amounts, these were divided into assigned amount units (AAUs) to cover the 2008 2012 commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. International Emissions Trading allowed countries with spare AAUs to sell them on an international carbon trading market. In the opinions of many climate scientists the 5% reduction in emissions from industrialised countries set out by the Kyoto Protocol does not do nearly enough, they claim that a cut of around 60% is needed to avoid the worst consequences of global warming (The Guardian, 2005). Also currently a number of countries have not met their emissions targets, so even the 5% reduction in emissions planned by the Kyoto Protocol may not be reached. Furthermore without the support of the US, who accounts for approximately 25% of the global greenhouse gases emissions, climate scientists have described the agreement as toothless and virtually obsolete (The Guardian, 2005). However it can be argued that the legally binding Kyoto Protocol has set out a framework on which future negotiations could be based (The Telegraph, 2005) and has encouraged sustainable development by creating several market mechanisms allowing emissions trading. It has also promoted sustainable development by supporting renewable energy advances and other environmentally friendly technologies. The symbolic value of the Kyoto Protocol may have been its greatest asset because to see governments attempting to work together to provide sustainable development is better than to see no attempt at all. The UNFCCC held the Copenhagen Climate Conference at the Bella Center in Copenhagen, Denmark from 8th 17th December 2009. It is often known as COP15 as it is the 15th Conference of Parties, to which nearly 200 countries attended in an attempt to find a global consensus on how to most effectively structure a post-Kyoto regulatory framework to cap greenhouse gas emission (Climatelab, 2009). The aim of the conference was to negotiate an agreement to come into effect when the commitment period of the Kyoto agreement expired in 2012. The conference resulted in the creation of the Copenhagen Accord, which called on participating countries to pledge specific actions they will undertake to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions (Pew Center on Global Climate Change, 2009); however the accord is a non-binding agreement so nations have no legal obligation to carry out these pledges. The Accord recognised that the global temperature rise should be limited to 2 °C; however this was not adopted as a target. The original draft had included targets for 2020 for industrialised countries and 2050 for global and industrialised countries, though these were omitted from the final draft of the accord. The accord included a commitment from industrialised countries to provide climate financing for developing countries of  $30bn for 2010-2012 (The EFA Group, 2009). As of 16th September 2010, 111 parties had either submitted 2020 emissions targets, submitted mitigation actions or associated themselves with the accord. The EU agreed to reduce their emissions by 20 30% compared to their 1990 levels, provided that other developed countries commit themselves to comparable emission reductions (UNFCCC, 2009). The US agreed to reduce their emissions by approximately 17% below 2005 levels. A breakdown in negotiations prevented a text that would have created a market mechanism to credit reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation from being adopted in the Accord. A problem with the Copenhagen Accord is that it allows industrialised nations to set their own emission reduction targets. The Pew Center on Global Climate Change analysed the Copenhagen Accord and found that the pledges are inadequate to achieve a 2-degree goal Pledges by developed countries would reduce their emissions 10 percent to 13 percent below BAU (business as usual) in 2020 (Pew Center on Global Climate Change, 2009). An analysis by PricewaterhouseCoopers concluded that these promises made by developed countries would only provide half of the emission reduction requirements to avoid a global temperature rise above 2 °C. The Copenhagen Accord is very different from the Kyoto Protocol as it is not a legally binding agreement and if the accord is used as a foundation to new climate change treaties, the number of countries complying with the Kyoto Protocol is like to be reduced as there is little incentive to trade carbon credits. The Accord threatens the establishment of a global carbon market due to its lack of progression towards a legally binding climate agreement. Environmental protection is always going to be challenging due to the different attitudes of nations. Many of the developed nations want environmental sustainability while developing countries want to be allowed to develop economically and socially. It is also going to be difficult due to the increasing global population and the resulting increase in consumption rates. However, in my opinion the Kyoto Protocol has been the most effective treaty designed to provide a sustainable future. This is because was a legally binding agreement that committed industrialised countries to reduce their collective emissions of greenhouse gases by a set amount (5.2%). Also, the Kyoto Protocol created market mechanisms allowing emissions trading, encouraging nations to strive to reach their emission reduction target. One of the main drawbacks of the Kyoto Protocol is that it is not backed by the US who is a major emitter of greenhouse gases. The Rio Declaration was admirable because it caused governments and businesses to change the attitudes they had toward environmental protection and led to them becoming more eco-efficient and creating eco-friendly products. Nevertheless, there were still many negative incentives offered by countries and businesses that promoted people to continue being wasteful consumers. In my opinion the least effective environmental treaty has been the Copenhagen Accord because its non-binding goals are inadequate to stop a global temperature rise of 2 °C. Also, the need to create a global carbon market has not been met.