Magnetic Susceptability :: essays research papers

Magnetic SusceptabilityAbstractThe miscellany in weight bring forth by a magnetized field for three solutions ofcomplexes was recorded. The change in weight of a calibrating solution of 29.97%(W/W) of NiCl2 was recorded to calculate the apparatus constant as 5.7538. cvand cm for separately solution was determined in order to calculate the add together of uneven electrons for each paracharismatic complex. Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26(H20) had 4unpaired electrons, KMnO4 had zero unpaired electrons, and K3Fe(CN)6 had 1unpaired electron. The apparent 1 unpaired electron in K3Fe(CN)6 when thereshould be five according to atomic orbital calculations arises from a strongligand field produced by CN-.IntroductionThe magnetic susceptibility is a phenomena that arises when a magneticmoment is induced in an object. This magnetic moment is induced by the presenceof an away magnetic field. This induced magnetic moment translates to achange in the weight of the object when laid in the presence of an ex ternalmagnetic field. This induced moment may have two orientations parallel to theexternal magnetic field of or perpendicular to the external magnetic field. Theformer is known as paramagnetism and the later is known as diamagnetism. Thephysical solvent of paramagnetism is an attraction to the source of magnetism(increase in weight when measured by a Guoy balance) and the physical effect ofdiamagnetism is a repulsion from the source of magnetic field (decrease inweight when measured by a Guoy balance).The observed magnetic moment is derived by the change in weight. Thisobserved magnetic moment arises from a combination of the orbital and spinmoments of the electrons in the sample with the spin component being the most substantial source of the magnetic moment. This magnetic moment is caused by thespinning of an electron around an axis acting like a tiny magnet. This spinningof the magnet results in the magnetic moment.Paramagnetism results from the permanent magnetic moment of the atom.These permanent magnetic moments arise from the presence of unpaired electrons.These unpaired electrons result in unequal number of electrons in the twopossible spin states (+1/2. -1/2). When in the absence of an external magneticfield, these spins tend to orient themselves randomly accordingly to statistics.When they are placed in the presence of an external magnetic field, the momentstend to align in directions anti parallel and parallel to the magnetic field.According to statistics, more electrons will eat the lower energy state thenthe higher energy state. In the presence of a magnetic field, the lower energystate is the state when the magnetic moments are aligned parallel to the

Effective Literacy Strategies for English Language Learners Essay

IntroductionEnglish Language Learners (hereafter referred to as ELLs) currently comprise 10% of the total school commonwealth in the United States (National Center for Education Statistics, 2005). It is a population that is going to continue to increase in American public education and their specific involve for learning literacy are of great importance to instructors. Since schools and teachers are increasingly judged based upon the donnish achievement of students, then the success of the growing population of ELLs is going to be increasingly important. In the present paper the role of the teacher and specific research-based literacy strategies for ELLs is investigated. Teachers roleIn a research article by Yoon (2007), the question of the teachers pedagogical approach in relation to ELLs participation in the classroom was investigated. Three teachers with varying approaches to teaching ELLs were observed. The first teacher believed that teaching ELLs was not his full resp onsibility and to talk or not was the students choice and the teacher respected it. Also many of the discussions were based on American cultural topics. This teacher reported that the ELLs in his classroom were shy and quiet. The ELLs in this classroom reported being frustrated and often did partner work with specific education or other non-mainstream peers. The second teacher modeled through her teaching how to position ELLs as important members of her learning community. She believed teaching ELLs was her responsibility and she time-tested many strategies to meet the diverse needs of her learners. She attempted to embrace her students cultural differences by asking them questions about their native culture. She also chose to pair ELLs with cert... ...r english-language learners teacher-composed digital jumpstarts for academic reading. Journal of insubstantial and Adult Literacy, 53(5), 386-395.Rieg, Sue A. & Paquette, Kelli R. (2009). Using drama and movement to enhance english language learners literacy development. Journal of Instructional Psyhchology, 36, 148-154.Sox, Amanda & Rubenstein-Avila, Eliane (2009). WebQuests for english-language learners essential elements for design. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 53(1), 38-48.Watts-Taffe, S., & Truscott, D. (2000). Using what we know about language and literacy development for ESL students in the mainstream classroom. Language Arts, 77, 258-265.Yoon, Bogum (2007). Offering or limiting opportunities Teachers roles and approaches to english-language learners participation in literacy activities. The Reading Teacher, 61(3), 216-225.

Romantic Period :: essays research papers

Dr. George Boeree best describes the amatory Movement in the following, Reason and the evidence of our senses were important no doubt but they mean zilch to us unless they touch our needs, our feelings, our emotions. Only then do they acquire meaning. This meaning is what the Romantic Movement is all about.There were many changes that made this movement. The Romantics turned to the poet ahead the scientist to harbor their convictions. They found that Science was too narrow-minded, and held no room for emotion or feelings. In England, there was a resurgence into Shakespearean drama, and numerous techniques and styles much(prenominal) as Sturm and Drang, a style of writing in Germany, and in art the title sublime to describe the power of natural disasters that developed in the Romantic period. The perception that the Enlightenment was destroying the natural human soul and substituting it with the mechanical, artificial heart was becoming prevalent across Europe. Also another thou ght that was at the wake of romanticism were the words of the French rotation emphasizing liberty, freedom, and individuality as well as the need in England to escape what the industrial revolution was doing to the country. There are many deal and expressions either art, thought, or music that made the romantic period what is was. There are however key people who are involved in cementing certain expressions. Many writers such as William Wordsworth, Samuel Coleridge, and George Gordan, Lord Bryant, classified the Romantic period. One writer however Johann Wolfgang von Goethe of Germany really verbalised this movement with "The Sorrows of Young Werther", which epitomized what Romanticism stood for. His character expressed feelings from the heart and gave way to a new trend of expressing emotions through individuality as opposed to collectivism. He was also known for the Sturm and Drang style that was popular in Germany. This style was the free spirited answer to the restrai nt of the classical period. Another popular writer was bloody shame Shelly. To go without saying her book Frankenstein which describes a man (Frankenstein) who lets science get out of control and creates a being that eventually hunts down and kills him was revolutionary at the time. This book was clearly is a revolt against the scientific happenings that caused the Romantic Movement.The aspect of philosophy on Romanticism can be attributed to two great thinkers. G. W. F. Hegel, a German philosopher, rejected philosophy of the 18th century because he believed in "Idealism".