Magnetic Susceptability :: essays research papers

Magnetic SusceptabilityAbstractThe miscellany in weight bring forth by a magnetized field for three solutions ofcomplexes was recorded. The change in weight of a calibrating solution of 29.97%(W/W) of NiCl2 was recorded to calculate the apparatus constant as 5.7538. cvand cm for separately solution was determined in order to calculate the add together of uneven electrons for each paracharismatic complex. Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26(H20) had 4unpaired electrons, KMnO4 had zero unpaired electrons, and K3Fe(CN)6 had 1unpaired electron. The apparent 1 unpaired electron in K3Fe(CN)6 when thereshould be five according to atomic orbital calculations arises from a strongligand field produced by CN-.IntroductionThe magnetic susceptibility is a phenomena that arises when a magneticmoment is induced in an object. This magnetic moment is induced by the presenceof an away magnetic field. This induced magnetic moment translates to achange in the weight of the object when laid in the presence of an ex ternalmagnetic field. This induced moment may have two orientations parallel to theexternal magnetic field of or perpendicular to the external magnetic field. Theformer is known as paramagnetism and the later is known as diamagnetism. Thephysical solvent of paramagnetism is an attraction to the source of magnetism(increase in weight when measured by a Guoy balance) and the physical effect ofdiamagnetism is a repulsion from the source of magnetic field (decrease inweight when measured by a Guoy balance).The observed magnetic moment is derived by the change in weight. Thisobserved magnetic moment arises from a combination of the orbital and spinmoments of the electrons in the sample with the spin component being the most substantial source of the magnetic moment. This magnetic moment is caused by thespinning of an electron around an axis acting like a tiny magnet. This spinningof the magnet results in the magnetic moment.Paramagnetism results from the permanent magnetic moment of the atom.These permanent magnetic moments arise from the presence of unpaired electrons.These unpaired electrons result in unequal number of electrons in the twopossible spin states (+1/2. -1/2). When in the absence of an external magneticfield, these spins tend to orient themselves randomly accordingly to statistics.When they are placed in the presence of an external magnetic field, the momentstend to align in directions anti parallel and parallel to the magnetic field.According to statistics, more electrons will eat the lower energy state thenthe higher energy state. In the presence of a magnetic field, the lower energystate is the state when the magnetic moments are aligned parallel to the